Do We See The Same Way That We Think - 1312 Words

Do We See The Same Way That We Think? Every human being, whether big or small, young or old, female or male, all see and think differently; not one person has exactly the same thoughts or ideas as another. People may see or think similarly, but not one will be totally identical. Additionally, everyone’s thoughts and views on a certain situation or individual are not necessarily true if they have not gone through the situation or met the person for themselves. Generally, people go with their first instinct, but this is not always a good thing; it could be good if it were in a situation where you may have been harmed, but it is unfair to go off your first instinct of an individual before actually meeting them. The person you thought you†¦show more content†¦This showed that the narrator first viewed Robert in a terrible way by judging him before he even got to meet him, yet shortly after meeting him, everything changed. The narrator s mind was brought to Robert’s , as they both closed their eyes and drew a cathedral together. It is then realized that it is not all about what you can see, when the narrator speaks â€Å"But I had my eyes closed. I thought I’d keep them that way for a little longer...I was in my house. I knew that. But I didn’t feel like I was inside anything. It was really something.† The narrator now understands that the blind man does not get the opportunity to ever see anything, so he figures he ought to try it out, overall truly amazing himself. Going further, Flight Patterns by Sherman Alexie brings out the pacing of the story to show the outer views, as well as the inner mind thoughts of humans. To be more specific, William, husband of Marie, and father to Grace is frequently away from home due to his busy job and hard-working attitude. With this being said, William often pondered whether or not he was being a bad wife and father to his daughter by not being home very often. The outer view of William not being home a lot, leads to thoughts about what it would be like if he did not have a family and traveled all the time. Going further, while William was taking a taxi to an airport, the driver, Fekadu,Show MoreRelatedDifferent Cultures Outlook On Death859 Words   |  4 Pagesthe way someone experience life events such as birth, death, and how they seek food, water, and shelter. As humans we create our own world, emotions, events, and we are control in our everyday life. Every culture has a different way they view things, and that’s simply because of the way they were raised and brought into this world. Different cultures outlook on death can be completely opposite. One culture thinks that death marks a passage of a person from one world to another. Others think deathRead MoreChildren Of Children For Adhd995 Words   |  4 Pages Most schools want all of the children to think the same and learn the same throughout their education. Teaching this way does not help children learn it pushes them to all be the same. They do this by medicating children, shutting down divergent thinking, and trying to make every child learn the same way. This makes learning very difficult for some children. Medicating children for ADHD has increased it is now about as common as having your tonsils removed. It is in place I feel like to drownRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Of America Essay1648 Words   |  7 Pagesnow, then again from fifty to a hundred and fifty years ago. Much has changed and much has stayed the same. Plenty of issues that were prevalent so long ago are still lingering around today such as racism, discrimination, white supremacy. We fight constant battles fighting these issues whether its educating others or defending ourselves from it. It was only one hundred and one years ago that we saw D.W. Griffiths Birth of a Nation hit the silver screens. This film changed America, it set a differentRead MoreWhy Marriage Is Important For Today s World And How The Church880 Words   |  4 PagesThe way this book is written it was really hard to read and understand and get through, but once you do, it shows how the church views the issues that we are living with in today s wo rld and how the church thinks it should be handled and what the bibles says we should do about it and that we should follow what it tells us even though it could hurt people we care and love just because the church says it wrong. but yet the government has passed laws allowing issues or banning issue or not even commentingRead MoreCommunication in a Global Village by Barnlund Essay744 Words   |  3 PagesTomorrow we can expect to spend most of our lives in the company of neighbors who will speak in a different tongue, seek different values, move at a different pace, and interact according to a different script (61). In Spike Lees Do the Right Thing he gives the viewer a glimpse of a community in which this is already taking place. He shows the struggle of people from different cultures trying to live side by side and the way they coexist in a shared environment. Each group has its own way of dealingRead MoreDoes The Language Shape The Way We Think?926 Words   |  4 PagesDoes the language shape the way we think? Have you ever had the feeling that speaking another language changes how you think? Could speaking a new language take you to a different perceptual world? Or is language just a set of labels for universal thoughts or ideas? (Shaules, 2015) Many brilliant thinkers have spent their entire lives working on these kinds of topics for over a century. When it comes to linguistic relativity, â€Å"The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis†, first proposed by ‘Edward Sapir and BenjaminRead MoreWhy Do We Doubt Who We Are?1372 Words   |  6 PagesWhy Do We Doubt Who We Are? My world is filled with doubt and trying to figure out who I am. Descartes also doubted who he was and everything he knew and thought. He thought in order to really figure out the truth you have to forget everything that you have known and start fresh. That is not always easy to do since we are taught at an early age the way life should be and it shapes the way we view the world. How do you fully know the truth? What I see may not be what you see so therefore how do I knowRead MoreEssay On Do We Have A Mind959 Words   |  4 PagesAll of us have a mind, we think, we have a consciousness, we have memories, and a sentimental emotion towards those memories. However how do we know if others have a mind, what makes it seem that their body inhabits one, and what justifies considering something human when it does or doesnt have a mind? In films like Blade Runner or Star Wars or any other Sci-Fi film we see machines and robots that talk. Today’s machines and computers talk as well but will they talk like we do? And by that I mean notRead MoreThe Entertainment Industry Essay1623 Words   |  7 PagesEverywhere we walk we see people being controlled by puppeteers. Well in this case the puppeteers are the entertainment industry. Our choices of entertainment determine who we are to an extent. It is more of how we act on the influences we see in entertainment. We all love juicy drama and scandals because it adds suspense in our lives. We like seeing who wore it best when you open up a magazine just because it gives us something to do on our spare time. What makes us mold our behavior and thinkingRead MoreThe Matrix and the Allegory of the Cave Essay948 Words   |  4 PagesTOK Essay The Allegory of the Cave and The Matrix 03 December 2010 Many people think that what we know is not really what is real. This idea is shown through the story of The Allegory of the Cave and the movie, The Matrix. Both the movie and the story are similar (it is said that The Matrix is based on The Allegory) and the main plots of the two can be compared. In The Allegory of the Cave, the people are chained up by their legs and necks in a cave from an early age, facing a wall. From

Case Study International Business Environment - 3179 Words

International Business Environment Knowing a Leading Business Enterprise and its Internal Environment Company Name: PepsiCo By: Shreya Tiwari, Section B, Pgp30105 Declaration: I, Shreya Tiwari Pgp30105, do hereby declare that the report is my individual effort and that no part of the report is copied from published/unpublished sources without proper citation. Executive Summary Internal environment analysis is a holistic review of a company’s operations. It includes factors like leadership, vision and mission, human resources, management structure etc. Internal analysis is important in order to identify the risks and opportunities that a company faces. As part of this assignment I have studied the internal environment of PepsiCo which is the second largest foods and beverages company in the world. Factors like the company’s vision and mission, value system, management structure, human resources and brand equity are important to assess its internal environment. A detailed analysis of these factors reveals that there is a strong relationship between PepsiCo’s internal environment and the business decisions the organization takes. These factors also lead to the sustainable financial performance of the company and provide it substantial advantages as compared to its competitors. History PepsiCo headquartered in Purchase, New York, is the second largest food and beverages company in the world. It was formed as a result of the merger of Pepsi-Cola and Frito-Lay,Show MoreRelatedIssues in Global Business1296 Words   |  6 PagesModule Title Issues in Global Business and Strategic Concepts       Module Code 6IM 501      Module Level 6 Credit value 40      Total Number 400 of Learning Hours Key Words Implementation of Global strategy, strategy and the organisation, strategic development, globalisation, international business and the environment, internationalisation.      Module Description There has been a fundamental shiftRead MoreUnit 39 - International Business1099 Words   |  5 PagesUnit 39 – International Business Scenario You are employed by the local Business Development Agency and have been asked to independently research international business in relation to an international case study business of your choice. From your research you are required to put together a research report document which can be used to assist businesses who are considering trading internationally. Your work should be a result of your own independent research and contain references throughoutRead MoreCase Study : Cultural Human Resource Management1361 Words   |  6 PagesA case study of cross- cultural human resource management Introduction Cultural issues in business are a phenomenon born by globalization of the market where companies invest in a foreign country to bring the culture of the host country and the company’s culture into contact. The market today is defined by global market that permits sharing of customers worldwide. However, during fierce competition, the market winners become the companies that who understand the Chinese culture. Therefore, culturalRead MoreCase Study : Regional Medical Centre Essay919 Words   |  4 Pages Case Study The subject case study is the Regional Medical Centre which is based in San Jose and offers primary and speciality healthcare services for people from the bay area and nearby areas. Being a healthcare entity for patients with chronic illnesses, this institution is also the university support for the nearby medical college. The business intelligence balanced scorecard which was incorporated in the system is as tabulated below: Customer perspective Economic and financial perspective Read MoreBSBMKG605B Evaluate International Marketing Opportunities Assessment Task 11318 Words   |  6 Pagespermitted in consultation with the trainer. Performance objective In this assessment task you are required to develop a report assessing and analysing an international market for consideration for entry by a case study organisation. Assessment description For the organisation outlined in the case study provided, you need to select an international market to consider for entry and conduct research on that market. You will need to write a report assessing and analysing the selected market, in lightRead MoreStudent Advocacy and â€Å"Sweatshop Labor†; the Case of Russell Athletic940 Words   |  4 PagesAnswers for the case study Student advocacy and â€Å"sweatshop labor†; the case of Russell Athletic Q1 * Culture of the particular country It is very important to study the different elements of culture of the country. When consider China and India, being large countries, the cultural diversity is higher and varies with the geographical areas. In some cultures, the value systems and ethics will be critically affected on the business. Some businesses are almost impossible to start in some regionsRead MoreCase Study : International Human Resource Management Essay1448 Words   |  6 PagesCase study Introduction The case study tells about the future profitable growth of the Padi- cepat a Malaysian company. The company has instant food, beverages and baking products business. In this company have different technologies for marketing strategies. Judgment is needed to identify the growth of the company so they look after the PBIT. In the time of 1990s they provide expansion opportunities Malaysian company pedi-cepat planned export offices in India, Singapore and Japan bit it failsRead MoreEssay Topics.1738 Words   |  7 Pagesw w w e tr .X m eP e ap .c rs O LEVEL Business Studies – Scheme of work Course overview The aim of this Scheme of Work is to set out a progression through the Syllabus content, and to give ideas for activities, together with references to relevant Internet sites. om The Scheme is neither intended to be prescriptive, nor complete, as local conditions will vary: time and resource availabilities are likely to differ considerably. More, the Scheme is intended to give ideas to teachers uponRead MoreCommon Examples Of Hr Risks For A Firm ( Fig 2 )1001 Words   |  5 Pages1987). Control two for reducing risk in human resources is educational and personal development. A 1998 study â€Å"Interpersonal Stress Reactions and Service Quality Responses among Hospitality Industry Employee† (Ross 1998). The study looked at stresses affecting the service industry in North Queensland. His study states there is a direct link with staff satisfaction and company success. Ross’s study found a link between management communication, autonomous job roles and family relationships to employeeRead MoreMultinational Corporations Based On International Business Essay1730 Words   |  7 Pagesdecide how to be sensitive to the unique demands of the indigenous environment without inhibiting their ability to coordinate the internal operations of local units in search of global strategies. As these issues of differentiation and integration are often facilitated by HRM activities, they represent a critical component in the IHRM. An example of this dual focus is found in m ost multinational corporations based on international business, which tend to assign primary responsibility to their subsidiaries

Public Health Child Poverty

Questions: 1. Critically discuss the causes and consequences of child poverty.2. How Poverty has many dimensions and is often entrenched.3. Why the targets to end child poverty are not likely to be met.4. How public health professionals (including environmental health) could help society become less unequal for children in the future. Answers: Introduction Child poverty is a significant aspect in todays world and many countries across the world faces this delicate issue, including the United Kingdom (Milteer et al. 2012). At present there are 22% of children living in poverty in the UK that is around 2.8 million children (Rockey and Wiseman 2015). As per the Marmot Review: Fair Society, Healthy Lives, health inequalities are unfair and they are preventable. It is a matter of social justice to put them right. For reducing inequalities and improving well-being and health for all, two approaches need to be taken. The first step is to create an enabling society that maximises community as well as individual potential. The second step is to ensure social justice, sustainability and health are the central aspects of all policies made. The present writing is on the critical discussion of the causes and consequences child poverty, the multidimensional feature of poverty, the reasons why the targets for ending child poverty cannot be ended and the role of public health professionals in helping the society to become less unequal for children in the future. 1. Critical discussion of the causes of child poverty Child poverty is considered as the form of poverty that has influence on the daily lives of the children and limits the future opportunities in life. Though childhood poverty has the impact on millions and it stems from several problems, the main causes of childhood poverty are self-explanatory. Children born to low-income families become victims of childhood poverty. Single parent homes give rise to many problems that may lead to poverty. Parent with low levels of education are not able to receive high paying jobs. Children with unemployed parents are more likely to live in poverty. The majority of the children who are poverty-stricken are born to poor parents. Thus, the reasons like adult poverty, lack of education, government policies, discriminations, social services, unemployment and disabilities significantly make an impact on the prevalence of child poverty. Lack of parental resources for economy restricts the opportunities the children get. However, although unemployment is a main contributor to child poverty, it is not the only problem (Boston and Chapple 2014). Demographic and economic factors like globalisation, labour market segmentation, deindustrialisation, residential segregation and migration of residents coming from middle-class from cities, constrain opportunities for economy and isolate poor children. The loss of principles and values in family, illegitimacy, decline of nuclear family, single mothers, are also major reasons for poverty among children. Children from unintended pregnancies are more likely to suffer poverty. Ethnicity also has links with poverty in some countries. Most of the apparent negative associations present between childrens attainment and growing up in poverty reflect parental advantages, unmeasured to some extent, that in a positive way affect the childrens attainment (Levitas 2012). Poverty inevitably blights a childs future. However, recurrent or long term poverty is a different aspect altogether. But whatever is the cause of poverty, one thing can be said in certain- the child is not responsible for the poverty he lives in. That is why elimination of poverty is a social responsibility and not a parental responsibility (Milteer et al. 2012). Critical discussion of the consequences of child poverty Poverty surely damages lives, childhood and life chances. The society as a whole is damaged as the children, who are the future of the country, have a negative impact on them. The social outcomes of child poverty are manifold and long term. Children who grow up in situations of poverty have the propensity to have poorer health when they become adult and gain few educational qualifications. They also have higher rates of unemployment. In other words, they have the tendency to need greater public expenditure as contributing less to the economy. As adults, they also are more likely to suffer ill-health and become involved in offending, abusive relations and alcohol and drug abuse. Living in poor situations can reduce the expectations of own lives and lead to a cycle where poverty is naturally limited from one generation to another (Van Mechelen and Bradshaw 2013). Children from poorer background may lag at all stages of education. They have the tendency to drop out from school and receive no education needed for better employment than their parents who have unstable economic conditions due to poor employment. Poverty has association with higher risk of premature death. Children coming low income families have more chances to die at birth. They also have more chances of suffering chronic diseases and disability. Children who live in poverty are more likely to live in poor housing, making a negative influence on mental and physical health along with educational achievement (Van Lancker and Van Mechelen 2015). As per the Marmot Review, a childs social, cognitive and physical development during early years has a strong impact on the educational attainment and health. Low birth weight is particularly associated with poorer long-term health and educational outcomes, and with more disadvantaged mothers. One-quarter of all deaths under the age of one would be avoided if all births had the same levels of risk as those to women from the least poor and deprived. Children from disadvantaged backgrounds are more likely to begin primary school with lower personal, social and emotional development and communication, literacy and language skills than their peers. Children from low-economic backgrounds are at an increased risk of developing conduct disorders. However, they may be some exceptions to the established notion. Some children in spite of coming from poor families have the urge in them to fight back poverty and establish themselves in lives. They take up the challenges in life enforced by poverty is a positive way and work hard to cross the obstacles and gain success. They take up education as the main priority and receive qualifications for landing up a job. This ends the cycle of poverty in their family and intiate a stable economical condition. Such examples are outstanding incidences where the effect of poverty fails to make a deep mark on the lives of the children as they pave the way for better education and health (Van Lancker and Van Mechelen 2013). 2. How poverty has many dimensions and is often entrenched Poverty is distinguishable by the features of duration and multidimensionality. Poor people always face loss during their lives, live under the poverty line and the situations they face are defined by social and structural inequalities that have an influence by the multiple discriminations. This is dissimilar from the transitorily poor as they are the ones who can move in and out of poverty and can occasionally fall below the poverty line. Poor people have the need of good policies for coming out of their condition and need the society to give them their voice and adequately facilitate their human rights. The achievement of such priorities is the difficult challenge for the policies and the political agenda. This is because cultural and social relationships are entrenched (Duncan and Magnuson 2013). 3. Why the targets to end child poverty are not likely to be met Many attempts have been made for reducing health inequalities in the recent past and they aim at tackling more proximal causes like smoking by taking up programs for bringing changes. However, there are chances that the targets to end child poverty are not likely to be met. Challenges to successful fulfillment of the target are many and these mainly include the focus to geographical areas instead of deprived people, who have the tendency to live in mixed communities, disagreement over the accountability and responsibility for health inequalities, insufficient workforce capacity, like training issues and reduction in professional areas, and lastly, failure to prioritise partnership working. These hindrances must be overcome for ensuring that child poverty is reduced (Townsend 2014). 4. How public health professionals could help society become less unequal for children in the future Public health professionals have the responsibility of responding to the community agendas and building up a better future. They need to support the development of a better and genuine community. This would mean lending a helping hand to local communities and prioritising their issues. Focus on these issues would build the foundation for addressing traditional concerns. If all public health professionals campaign actively for reducing inequality in the society for children, some significant changes are sure to come up. The role of health professionals in helping the society to become a better place for children is an important one. They can make significant contributions by actively participating in the communities in which they live and implement health practice. Public health organisations must be a well known figure and role model in communities they serve in (Wolfe et al. 2013). The main task that they can do is to spread awareness among the common mass. Health forms a main aspect of better living. Proper health leads to better standard of living and therefore the health professionals can work towards inequality among children by providing health services. It can be said that there is a need of public health heroes who will advocate for evidence based actions on health inequalities in particular. The focus must be on cross-Government action that are intended to provide children the best start in live. This must be the obvious main priority. The professionals must promise to pave the way for joining up in more actions for improving well being and health. This must include emotional well-being. Highlighting health inequilities by them would focus on the inadequacy of policies set for improving wellbeing and health. They must also create buzz around the dire results of austerity and welfare reforms on poor communities as such deed would surely result in elimina ting inequialities present in the society (Bhutta and Black 2013). References Bhutta, Z.A. and Black, R.E., 2013. Global maternal, newborn, and child healthso near and yet so far.New England Journal of Medicine,369(23), pp.2226-2235. Boston, J. and Chapple, S. (2014).Child Poverty in New Zealand. Wellington: Bridget Williams Books. Duncan, G.J. and Magnuson, K., 2013. The long reach of early childhood poverty. InEconomic stress, human capital, and families in Asia(pp. 57-70). Springer Netherlands. Levitas, R., 2012. Utopia calling: eradicating child poverty in the United Kingdom and beyond.Global Child Poverty and Well-being: Measurement, Concepts, Policy and Action, pp.449-474. Milteer, R.M., Ginsburg, K.R., Mulligan, D.A., Ameenuddin, N., Brown, A., Christakis, D.A., Cross, C., Falik, H.L., Hill, D.L., Hogan, M.J. and Levine, A.E., 2012. The importance of play in promoting healthy child development and maintaining strong parent-child bond: Focus on children in poverty.Pediatrics,129(1), pp.e204-e213. Rockey, T. and Wiseman, M., 2015. Child Poverty in the United States and the United Kingdom: What Counts? Whats Happened? Whats Next?. Townsend, P., 2014.International Analysis Poverty. Routledge. Van Lancker, W. and Van Mechelen, N., 2015. Universalism under siege? Exploring the association between targeting, child benefits and child poverty across 26 countries.Social science research,50, pp.60-75. Van Mechelen, N. and Bradshaw, J., 2013. Child poverty as a government priority: Child benefit packages for working families, 19922009. InMinimum income protection in flux(pp. 81-107). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Wolfe, I., Thompson, M., Gill, P., Tamburlini, G., Blair, M., van den Bruel, A., Ehrich, J., Pettoello-Mantovani, M., Janson, S., Karanikolos, M. and McKee, M., 2013. Health services for children in western Europe.The Lancet,381(9873), pp.1224-1234.

Mike sager creates emtional appeal Essays - Mike Sager, Sheri Fink

Mike sager creates emtional appeal Thomas Morgan Professor Murphy English 093 April 25, 2013 The article that used emotional appeal the most was Mike Sagers The Man Who Never Was The reader became emotional attached with the article because of how Sager wrote about Todd Marinovich and how the author used these emotions to connect with the reader. Sager uses emotional appeal to create a certain feelings towards Marinovichs because of all the bad decisions he endured during his fall from fame. The Deadly Choice at Memorial by Sheri Fink uses emotional appeal throughout her article and tells a story that creates feelings of sorrow and sympathy for the people ravaged by Hurricane Katrina. Fink didnt use emotional appeal in the same way as Sager did, and Fink didnt connect with the reader in the same way Sager did. The reader thought The Last Abortion Doctor uses emotional appeal the least because Richardson never seems to connect to the reader and doesnt create any great emotional appeal. All the articles are great to read and create some emotions, but Sagers article used emoti onal appeal the most and left the reader with a longer, lasting feeling of wow. From the start, Sager used emotional appeal with the description of Todd life and how he was dubbed the Robo Quarterback by the press and how the future of this young star was so bright. Then Sager wrote of how Todd is viewed today, which resulted in the reader becoming interested in how all these hardships affected Todds life. This is where the article got really interesting and was emotionally more explosive then the other essays. Sager wrote to get the reader to become attached to a young football players dreams of making it to the NFL and having a great career. Sager wrote about Todds travels through pee wee football and that is where he started to excel at quarterback. Then to high school and college football teams and finally the years as a pro quarterback. This is the part of the essay where a bond started to be created between Todd and the reader. Sager creates this bond through the use of emotional appeal by telling of how good Todd was in football and how the expectation of his parents and coach affected his life in and out of football. Plus, when Sager writes about Todds drug use the reader becomes emotionally connected and feelings of how could someone with all that potential throw his career and life away. Sager use this story to create emotions of sadness and anger towards Todd because of how he ruin all the opportunities that were available to him. The author uses emotional appeal so the reader could ask themselves how could this happen and why these opportunities were taken for granted. Sager has the reader thinking how great life was for Todd, but also creates the sense that something was missing out of Todds life. The emotions that Sager brings out of are ones of sympathy and sorrow for Todd and his family. Sager writes in the beginning of the article how Todds career started and how the bar was set so high by his father and coaches and then writes how these expectation effected his actions.. This has the reader feeling that there were outside influences that causes Todd to go awry and have him do things that were not normal to a young boy. Than when Sager writes about Todds drug use an emotional opinion is created. The author tells about how involved Todds father was in raising a future quarterback and all the expectations that were placed on him. Sager uses emotional appeal in writing about all the workouts and diets that Todds father put him on and how these programs were very strenuous and time consuming, which gives the reader an impression this is too much for young Todd to handle. Sager writes how Todd seems to be longing for something else then football and he reaches out to drugs to fill all these voids in his life. After reading about Todds family ties to the University of Southern California and about all his fathers friends at the Oakland Raiders, the reader feels like there was way

Feasibility Study Detailed Strategic Destination Risk Analysis for French Cuisine Restaurants

Love canal environmental disaster essays

Love canal environmental disaster essays Everybodys come to town, Theyr building now a great big ditch, Those left we all do pity, Through dirt and rock so gritty, For well have a jolly time, They say twill make all very rich At Loves new Motel City Who live in Model City This tale I tell is no less true, Our boys are bright and well to do, Though in a silly ditty, Our girls are smart and pretty, They give free sites and power too, They can not help it nor could you, In Loves new Model City If you lived in Model City Then come and join our earnest band, Heres out heart and heres our hand, Water is a necessity for life. Throughout the growth of civilization, communities sprang up near the edge of waterways. Running rivers and standing lakes provided clean drinking water, food and energy for people. It was running water that set the gears working in the head of the charismatic entrepreneur William. T. Love. In 1890s, Love saw a 20000 acre community in Niagara county as his plot for his utopian Model City. Loves Model City would be located 7.5 miles away from Niagara River. A power canal seven miles long would connect the town with the upper and lower levels of Niagara River The channeled water would be lead to the Lewiston escarpment which would create a mini Niagara Falls thus creating a major power source for the Model City. This would create a great amount of hydroelectric power in a time which factories must be located near their power source. In January 1893, William Love went to Albany to politick for a charter for his model city. He did so by addressing both the senate and the assembly in a joint session, a first for a private citizen. A very liberal charter was granted which gave him the right to acquire by condemnation any necessary properties. (...

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 5

Leadership - Essay Example Discipline thinking is important in minimizing strategic blunders as plans are thoroughly thought through. It promotes a system of self/ internal correction while at the same time enhancing clear modes of formulation and implementation of ideas. It enhances an organization’s self-discipline, self-monitoring and self-corrective thinking and apart from enhancing and effective and open communication within the organization, it enables effective interpretation of ideas leading to solid conclusions and solutions, testing them against relevant criteria and standards. Strategic thinking saves costs that may be incurred from poor decision making - capital that can be redirected towards further development (Encyclopedia of Creativity, Invention, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 2013). The organization has overtime exhibited disciplined thinking and behavior that has served to propel it to global heights. For example, the idea to establish offices worldwide has helped expand the market and consumer base to every corner of the world and boost its competitiveness. Also, the increased variety of goods and services offered such as loan and banking services, video game equipment, mobile phones, televisions, music and sound systems, clothing amongst others has seen to a capturing of millions of varied consumers on a global scale. Disciplined thinking is a process that can be enhanced in an organization by promoting and encouraging new ideas amongst workers and motivating employees to feel part and parcel of the organization. The workers must feel that the organization’s problems are their problems in order to be innovative and creative enough. Cases of ridicule of ideas and negative office gossip must be weeded out from the workplace and those who have seen their ideas fail or get rejected by the organization must be encouraged to soldier on and not throw in the towel as further innovations and ideas could offer a breakthrough and shape fortune of the organizatio n. Strategic thinking can further still be promoted by constituting idea sharing forums, seminars and suitable, convenient channels amongst all workers with enhanced open upward, downward and sideways communication for flow of ideas. Workers should be offered a conducive, calm and peaceful work atmosphere and their efforts and breakthroughs recognized through promotions, pay rises, employee of the duration awards, parties, trips and vacations fully catered for by the organization and so on. Positive deviance is

The CTV Building in Christchurch, Collapse During the Earthquake of Assignment

The CTV Building in Christchurch, Collapse During the Earthquake of That Date - Assignment Example Hence it gave rise to such circumstances. A number of defects relating to the design had been identified which had led to this collapse. The construction of any building requires technical knowhow relating to architecture and along with that precision. Construction Manager: Along with the chief engineer, the manager of the entire process is equally responsible. Management of an architectural project requires technical knowledge along with practical experience. A person who lacks such skills should not approach such large scale projects. A little deeper encounter with the entire issue reveals the fact that there was lack in proper strategy formulation, planning, implementation and maintenance which are essential for any project to be successful. Architect of the building: Post earthquake records revealed the fact that there were flaws in the entire designing of the building (Fur and Deutsche, 2007, p.11). The asymmetric design was the reason why the building collapsed so easily. A pro per earthquake resistant building must have the roofs and floor slabs in the horizontal planes. The columns and beams should have been properly interconnected ensuring strength of the building. Operations Manager: This person is responsible for the selection of the materials which are necessary for the construction. The materials should be shock resistant in order to be categorized as safe materials. The safety level of the building would depend on the selection of the materials. The building safety and lives of people would be at stake if they are not protected against the tremors of an earthquake in an earthquake prone zone. Junior Engineers: The junior engineers who were responsible for the project were not capable. They were sent for approval of the project.... The report analyses the reasons and the people involved in the process. It finds out that if these people had been a little more careful this situation could have been avoided. The engineers on their part had approved projects that were not viable. It can also be concluded that before the project was undertaken there was lack of strict vigilance and the proper process of project approval was not undertaken. There were flaws in selection of the team members, the team of engineers, the materials supplied failed to match up with the standards and the improper execution of the constructions mechanisms can be cited as the reasons behind the collapse. The safety standards were not followed in spite the building falling within an earthquake prone area. The regular checks of the vigilance team and from the government were not undertaken and so there was no one to clear the doubt situation. Although the building had good insurance coverage the people working inside the building were not train ed with adequate training which may come in handy in situations of disasters. The above mentioned key role players could have prevented the entire situation only provided each party did their work diligently. Here we can see that there is negligence and disregard among all the key role players which collectively contributed to the occurrence of the building devastation. Proper audit and investigation before the occurrence of the incident would have stopped it from happening and saved more lives.

Can a Coffee Shop Brand Developed in Kuwait Become Significant in the Dissertation

Can a Coffee Shop Brand Developed in Kuwait Become Significant in the Global Market - Dissertation Example The food and beverage industry is a major contributor towards growth in all the economies and has witnessed a high and consistent growth rate. The industry is expected to generate CAGR of 3.5% to about $7trillion USD by the year end 2014. With respect to structure of the industry it is highly fragmented and the top market players such as Nestle, Unilever, Kraft and others accounts for only 5% of the total value. The economic downturn also had an adverse impact on industries including the food and beverage industry (IMAP, 2010, p. 4). ... Although the coffee shops have been suffering a setback, but the growth in speciality coffee has resulted mainly from three areas which includes home consumption derived from coffee machines which available to the consumers, new product targeting the young generation and through Quick service cafes or restaurants which serves coffee beverages like lattes and cappuccino attracting the young customers. This trend is being accelerated in the current global coffee market giving rise to high number of coffee outlets selling coffee beverages (Guyer, 2009). For the dissertation â€Å"Kings Coffee Co† is chosen which plans to expand its coffee business in the UK market. Kings Coffee Co is a private organisation and can be categorised under coffee both roasted and green and is located in Safat in Kuwait. The coffee shop has been doing well in Kuwait and plans to expand its business and adopt the internationalisation mode of strategy. Before a brand expand itself into foreign countries it is necessary to evaluate the opportunities in the desired target market and the future opportunities. Thus in order to analyse the future opportunity, the UK coffee market has been analysed to determine growth rate of coffee business and establishment of Kuwait coffee brands in the UK coffee market. Kuwait Coffee Market In Asia, particularly Kuwait, which is predominantly inhabited by Arabs, many are fond of coffee and as a result it is possible that a coffee shop built and developed in Kuwait can flourish with ease. In addition, the growing technological market can help in the growth of the coffee shops globally as many can view its profile online and eventually visit the place and feel part of the achievement. This project proposal tries

McDonalds environment analysis for hospitality

McDonalds environment analysis for hospitality INTRODUCTION As per British Hospitality Association, hospitality is UK’s 4th largest industry which employs 2.7 million people in the UK and accounted for 27.7% of total job growth in the UK. Importance of this industry to the UK’s economy can never be overemphasised. In recent past the UK’s economy has faced radical changes which led the organisation to adapt and change in order to survive and grow. The aim of this research is to analyse the impact of business environment on the success of an organisation chosen from this ever growing Hospitality and Tourism industry. The study choses McDonald corporation which is a key food service retailer. McDonalds serves over 69 million customers in over 100 countries through its 36000 locations. The organisation stepped in the UK market in 1974 and has more than 1200 restaurants across the UK. References: http://www.bha.org.uk/ http://news.mcdonalds.com/Corporate/Press-Releases/Financial-Release?xmlreleaseid=123062 1.2 FACTORS AFFECTING AN ORGANISATION: INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL ENVIORNMENTAL FACTORS As per www.study.com there are a number of events and situations that impact an organisation and they can be classified into: internal environmental factors and external environmental factors (referred to as IEF and EEF hereafter). Few examples of IEF would be changes in the management, cultural changes and employee morale changes etc. Similarly few examples of EEF will be industry regulations, economic and political factors, government regulations etc. References: http://study.com/academy/lesson/internal-and-external-environments-of-business-lesson-quiz.html 1.2.1 INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL ENVIORNMENTAL FACTORS IN THE CASE OF MCDONALDS: As per Campden BRI which is a food and drink research firm, there are six challenges that this industry will face in 2012 and beyond. The Campden report broadly classifies these factors as Manufacturing challenges Innovation Food Drink and the Consumer Safety Knowledge The tables below classifies the Campden BRI’s six factors as IEF and EEF applied in the case of McDonalds. Source: http://www.foodmanufacture.co.uk/Supply-Chain/Campden-BRI-s-six-food-industry-challenges 1.2.2 ANALYSING INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL ENVIORNMENTAL FACTORS IN CASE OF MCDONALDS This section tries to analyse various IEF and EEF based on 1.2.2.1 RAW MATERIAL CHALLENGES/SUPPLIERS- AN EXTERNAL ENVIORNMENTAL FACTOR The foremost supporters for McDonalds are their supplier as they are the one of the largest company to supply burgers in the US. Customer’s reputation is highlighted through maintained system of service, quality and cleanliness in every aspect. They have also met or exceed USDA standards that are strictest in the food industry. The public supporters are in general multiple support clubs and with respect to customer group represents multi fan sites and blogs. 1.2.2.2 MANUFACTURING CHALLENGES / AN INTERNAL ENVIROMENT FACTOR Analysing the business environment will attempt to demonstrate the complexity of issues arise with the organisation. They have developed network operation and distribution system. The company has been able to achieve consistent product taste. Their focus is on delivery sales and protecting its life time reputation. McDonalds has also done culture adaption to consider vegetarian options for their all universal food branch. 1.2.2.3 INNOVATION / AN INTERNAL ENVIROMENT FACTOR The innovation will increase both product quality and longevity. 1.2.2.4 FOOD, DRINK AND THE CONSUMER / McDonald’s had maintained the quite low bargaining power of buyers. They are very low risk of switching customers into other brands. There was quite stagnant image among the customers through quality of differentiation, customer care and other promotions. 1.2.2.5 SAFETY / REGULATORY AND STATUTORY COMPLIANCE 1.2.2.6: KNOWLEDGE / 1.2.2.7 EXPANSION/ NEW GEOGRAPHICAL MARKET A number of key internal and external environmental factors constitute the elements of long term sustainable growth plan and it will not be wrong to say that the geographical diversification is vital element to fuel growth. As per the company’s corporate website: â€Å"We believe these priorities align with our customers evolving needs, and combined with our competitive advantages of convenience, menu variety, geographic diversification and System alignment will drive long-term sustainable growth.† Looking into the recent trends it can be said that McDonald’s growth is fuelled by its franchise business. As per the company’s official website â€Å"We view ourselves primarily as a franchisor and believe franchising is important to delivering great customer experiences and driving profitability. At year-end 2014, more than 80% of McDonald’s restaurants were franchised. SOURCE: http://www.aboutmcdonalds.com/mcd/investors/company_profile.html http://www.aboutmcdonalds.com/mcd/investors/company_profile.html References: http://www.bha.org.uk/ http://news.mcdonalds.com/Corporate/Press-Releases/Financial-Release?xmlreleaseid=123062 http://www.mcdonalds.co.uk/ukhome/Aboutus/Franchising.html Competitive advantage http://www.mcdonalds.co.uk/ukhome/Aboutus/Development/Locations_and_contacts.html McDonald is very open about its grown plans. On the official website the company has posted geographical regions for its intended growth region and invites the public to propose a development site. The study feel that by using this approach McDonalds is making an effective use of public information by providing an open platform for the local. This information gathering methodology not only is more efficient in terms of using local public knowledge about the area, but is also effective way of reducing planning, research and development cost and time that goes is development of a new site. This marketing strategy also adds to Brand awareness, brand recognition and stronger connect via the local people. Negative: The Company may end up losing a lot of time effort cost in moving in a direction which may not be fruitful. To afford a comparative analysis of the internal and external environment of McDonalds this study has used KFC’s corresponding data. It’s structured as an independent business with responsible accounting operations, community relations, training and human resources. They offer both counter service and drive through service with indoor and outdoor seating. In 2006, introduction of forever young brand was to redesign the current structure outlet of restaurant. One of the cornerstones of McDonalds success in the UK is its property portfolio, which provides a well located and convenient network of restaurants throughout the country for our customers to use and enjoy. There are almost 1200 restaurants to be found in a variety of locations such as traditional high streets; shopping centres; retail parks; roadside locations; leisure centres; railway and airport termini and motorway service areas. We are renowned for being the pioneers of the drive-thru restaurant concept and are the UK and world leader in this sector. This continues to be the key focus for our growth. Due to the growing success of the Company, the intention is to increase the pace of acquisitions with a target of 40 new restaurant openings per year from 2014, which will create up to 2,400 new job opportunities annually. The primary vehicle for this expansion will be freestanding drive-thru restaurants where convenience is key or locations in new or existing retail and leisure parks and transport hubs where visits are often part of a linked trip. Competitors http://www.kfc.co.uk/join-us/become-a-franchisee/ Mc Donald’s has a much stronger presence in the UK Market as compared to its competitors whereas a key rival KFC has 800 branches across the UK. http://www.kfc.co.uk/join-us/become-a-franchisee/ As evident from the information openly available on the website of Mc Donald’s KFC it appres that the cost of opening a Mc Donald’s franchise is much less as compared to cost of opening a KFC franchise. They suffer tough competition through burger king’s that are specialised in beef products. Wendy has also been added as a competitor due to high hamburger chains. They are other companies as well who are gaining market shares due to specialised in gourmet coffees, pasties and fresh sub sandwiches like Subway, Greggs and Starbucks. http://www.kfcdevelopment.co.uk/faqs/ KFC pays finders fee Do you pay finders fees for introducing a site? Yes we pay generous finders fees for recognised introductions  £20,000 for DT sites and  £12,500 for food courts/restaurants.* Figure: Competitors of McDonald’s A table showing a comparative analysis relating to the franchise between Mc Donald’s (UK) and KFC (UK) based on information directly available from the website. http://www.mcdonalds.co.uk/ukhome/Aboutus/Franchising/the-finance-bit.html http://www.kfc.co.uk/join-us/become-a-franchisee/ Opponents McDonald’s has been targeted due to their popularity in the food industry. Recently there was criticism about the cow disease crisis which showed serious threats towards world health. Children welfare society also opposes this company about their advertisement on happy meal which continuously attract children to buy their products. The other opponents are mainly animal rights groups that supported animal cruelty, which are against the manufacture of food produced by killing animals. Environment Analysis McDonalds differs from its Competitors All leases are taken in the McDonalds Restaurants Ltd name McDonalds take leases up to 25 years McDonalds has a superior covenant strength achieving yields of between 5% and 6% Site requirements Mixed Use/Retail Parks/Leisure Parks/Main Arterial Routes Co-location opportunities with hotels and petrol stations considered Ideal site size is 0.5+ acres All opportunities considered: Standalone units/Leasehold or Freehold sites up to one acre Our Recommendations: The research asserts that being in food industry the importance of maintaining a healthy and clean image in the eye of the public can never be overemphasized. Having said that, the increasing competition in the industry may lead to targeted negative criticism towards McDonalds. Developing a proactive crisis management team will be key element to manage any crisis situation. This study feels that there is a direct correlation between growth planning and the number of outlets that an organisation can open in new geographical areas across the UK. The franchise model plays a key role in deciding the growth path in the UK market and how well McDonald’s and its competitors manage this model will determine the organisations future share in this industry segment in the foreseeable future. Below are some key recommendations: Proactive measures to find a store location in the newer markets: Whereas, inviting public to propose a site for an outlet is a very cost effective and efficient way for growth planning, at the same time the study feels that McDonalds should take proactive steps to capture all the key locations in the major towns and cities. Using extensive market research, talking to local people and other direct means of research will be highly recommended for this purpose. Encouraging active participation of local resources: From finding a new location to the stage of complete set up of a franchise store, the process may involve a close liaison with local public. The study feels that there should be more incentive for the local parties to take an enthusiastic participation in this process. The study found that the KFC offers a ‘Finder’s Fee’ covenant openly disclosed under the FAQ section whereas provision for such a clause was missing from McDonalds website. Full disclosure of key information which is vital for decision making: If the franchise procedure is explained well, it could play a key role in encouraging people to show active participation in the process. Whereas KFC’s website discloses information about handing of planning permission and the time duration involved in the whole set up process very openly, this was found missing from the franchise FAQs section of the McDonalds website. Clear and full disclosure of the vital facts will afford more tools for informed decision making in the hands of perspective franchisee.

Friar Lawrence is to Blame for the Deaths of Romeo and Juliet in Shakespeares Work :: Free Romeo and Juliet Essays

"Romeo and Juliet," a famous love story about two star-crossed lovers who take their lives in order to be together. Their deaths are at the fault of one Friar Lawrence who, being an adult, a man of God and a trusted person in the community, betrayed that trust and attempted to cover up his wrong doings with a plan that ended in tragedy. The Friar was supposed to be a responsible adult and a man of God. This means that people would have come to him to confess their sins. Romeo and Juliet were young and naive and Friar Lawrence understood that very well. He also understood their personalities and circumstances, but still chose to marry them in hope that it would end the feud between the two families. As an adult he was also supposed to be a lot smarter ands wiser. Neither of those qualities were shown in any of his decision making. The lines ?For this alliance may so happy prove to turn your households? rancour to pure love,? (said by the Friar) is proof that he truly married them to end the feud. The position of trust that the families had given Friar Lawrence, he misused. This indicates that he didn?t really value that position of trust very much, because he proceeded in the marriage of Romeo and Juliet. When Friar Lawrence says ?In one respect I?ll thy assistant me for this alliance may so happy prove,? is the exact moment when the trust is broken because he has agreed to t marry the young lovers who were obviously too blinded by love to see the reality side of things. The Friar knew this, and he knew what was right, the fact that Romeo was incredibly impulsive and in love with being in love, and Juliet was naive enough to fall for him, but aside from that he gave in and made the wrong decision. The attempt that Friar Lawrence had made to fix up his wrong doings was a mistake and took a huge role in leading up to the two deaths. He had a second chance to come clean and tell the families the truth, but he chose to ignore that opportunity and came up with a plan that resulted in the deaths of Romeo and Juliet. After Romeo had been banished, the plan that the Friar conjured up was for Juliet to take a potion which would make her appear dead.

Private and Public Security

To begin, I will state that public security and private security need each other to survive in their fields. Unfortunately, public security or state police officers, don't usually have enough personnel nor can they be everywhere all over town. There Just isn't enough man power. Public safety gets paid by taxpayers to patrol their neighborhoods, schools, large banks, airports etc. They don't have the time or people to Just hang around certain neighborhoods all day and night or small businesses. This is where they benefit from public security and their unique responsibilities.Like everything, sometimes these relationships are like a marriage. Some work and some don't, I guess it depends on demographic and education. I know in Miami, Fl where my husband served a couple of years as a private security officer they got a lot of support when they needed to make an arrest (depending on the neighborhood or gig) but when it came to having the police patrol areas that were hot in between shifts , they were virtually nowhere to be seen. This left them with a lot of work load and relying on their training and personal strategies on how to deal with the days work.My husband said the officers who used to patrol the areas he was in would tell him to rely on his weapon because the cops were Jerks and sometimes took too long to show up to a scene. My husband is a social butterfly. He loves to talk to people and make them laugh and become your friend. I'd say he could be an excellent Disney officer! With this being said, he made it his mission to befriend the counties cops and work with them. In less than 3 months, he was friendly with two cops and had personal contact exchanged.He brought them food whenever he got a chance and looked out when he left his shifts and made sure all was good on his drive back home, grocery store, school etc. They became a mini team and my husband felt very supported by the local public officers. I felt comfort knowing they were a team and my husband had backup out in the real world. My husband's security firm was very small and unrecognized but they had very solid clients. Some of these clients included deiced agencies, high end condominiums, high end bars in downtown, and other good paying residential areas.They had contacts with these kind of places. My mom asked him once why such wealthy condos hired them instead of relying on local police. These were after all, higher tax paying individuals' right? If you know Miami, you know that all homes that were worth millions of dollars in neighborhoods like Cutler Bay don't want to live in Caribbean Blvd near the Turnpike. Every ritzy neighborhood whether residential or commercial, had a low class poor neighborhood r high crime neighborhood border lining it. This is where they come in.Some of these areas police department had this annoying habit of not coming to the crime scene immediately even if you did live in the Vicar neighborhood. This is where private security is compensated a nd supported by the communities and public officers. My husband guarded a hospital branch and condominium from pm to Sam 4 days a week. Cops were not always available to come and make a report about a parking lot light that was out, a missing sign, a loud teenager at the pool, a dog whose winner keeps letting them relieve themselves right in front of some front doors.I am sure that my husband being there responding to these tedious little things that may seem insignificant but are actually relieving a burden off the officers. On the other hand, state and local police were tending to the streets, following up on emergencies and minor incidents, traffic violations, domestic calls etc. They relief their workload and works in their favor to have private officers taking care of other issues within the same community/city. Some people are scared and think that privatized security is eke authorizing vigilantism, I actually recently read that somewhere online.This cannot be proven anywhere in the US. In order to secure our neighborhoods, we must be willing to pay. I mean actually pay out of our pockets. If you are not willing to pay, don't complain about the pudgy grandpa that is napping at Bam instead of securing your investment. You get what you give and it can be a perfect harmony in between public and private agencies especially if they're willing to train together and work together as a united force called for different area codes.

An Overview Of Immanuel Kant Essays - Kantianism, Free Essays

An Overview Of Immanuel Kant Essays - Kantianism, Free Essays An Overview Of Immanuel Kant An overview of Immanuel Kant By Scott Haywood Philosophy 101 Harold McSwain, Ph.D. The exploration into Immanuel Kants thought is one of, insight, perception, and open-mindedness. His work in the field of philosophy and intellectual development spanned over thirty-five years. He wrote on virtually all philosophical topics but his love was in the branch of metaphysics. His role in the evolvement of modern thought is vast and profound. Immanuel Kant was born, lived, and died in Konigsberg, East Prussia. Although he never left East Prussia, he is one of the most highly regarded philosophers of modern times. This paper will be an overview of his thoughts. We can divide Kants career into four phases. The First of which stems from 1746 to 1759, this is referred to as the period of infatuation. During this time, his main propose was to provide a foundation for metaphysics. Correspondingly, he developed a rationalist epistemology that could justify the possibility of the knowledge of God and what Kant refers to as, the first causes of nature.(1) The second phase from, 1760 to 1766, is called the, period of disillusionment. In this phase he broke from his earlier epistomolgy and was prone towards a more, Cartisain, skeptical, view point. Kant rejected the possibility of metaphysics transcending the limits of experience.(1) The third phase, 1760 to 1766, was called partial reconciliation, he returned to metaphysics in the belief that he could finally provide a solid foundation for it. He also sketched plans for his thoughts on ontology.(1) The fourth and final phase of Kants career, 1772 to 1780, is referred to as the, period of divorce. At this point in his career, he had realized that his renewed confidence in metaphysics could not solve one fundamental problem: How are synthetic a priori principles valid experiences if they are not derived from it?(1) Between 1771-1780, Kant published virtually nothing, he spent most of his time reflecting and studying. The end of this silent decade was closed by the publication of the Critique of Pure Reason (1781) in the 1780s he published five dissertations. He published many other essays and lectures until the late 1790s when he revised of some of his basic views on science and metaphysics, his work remains unfinished due to his death at eighty years of age in 1804. His final work, although not completed, was edited and published under the title, Opus Postumum.(3) The main idea of what most call, Kants greatest work, the Critique of Pure Reason, is with the possibility of metaphysics, understood as the philosophical knowledge that transcends the bounds of experience. For Kant, such knowledge claims to be both synthetic and a priori, which is knowledge attained only from operations of the mind, therefore he sirmises that God exists and that every event has a cause, much like St. Thomas Aquinas. Kant also belived that all mathematical propostions are of the same nature (synthetic a priori).(5) The second concern with Kants metaphysics in the Critique of Pure Reason is with the antinomies or pairs of contradictory propositions. Because of his reflections on the concept of a world, he became convinced that reason inevetably falls into contradiction with itself when it endeavors to think the whole. For example, does the universe have a beginning? Has the universe been around for an infinite amount of time? This would lead to hopeless skepticism, Ka nt came to see that the fate of metaphysics is crucially dependent on a successful resolution of the antinomies as well as an account of the possibility of synthetic a priori knowledge.(3) To solve this problem Kant came to a Copernican revolution in philosophy, since he compared his innovation to Copernicus first thoughts. The way his thoughts were conjectured was, to reverse the usual way we think of our knowledge conforming to the realm of objects, instead we should think of objects conforming to our ways of knowing. Therefore, he thought that human knowledge was limited to appearances or phenomena, whereas things-in-themselves are thinkable but not actually knowable. Kant termed this way of thought as transcendental idealism so both pairs of the contradiction could be proved true.(4) In the Metaphysics of Ethics (1797) Kant described his ethical system, which is based on a belief that

There are many ways to do laser eye surgery

There are many ways to do laser eye surgery, some are old, some are new, some have many side effects and some have barley. This report will be about the most popular way of Laser eye surgery, "laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis", also known as LASIK. This report will discuss what LASIK is (including procedure), the risks, complications and advantages, and qualifications. LASIK surgery was developed 30 years ago and can provide help for nearsightedness, farsightedness and astigmatism. It is the least risky and most commonly used type of laser eye surgery. A simple description of the procedure of the surgery contains 7 steps. Step 1: The doctor puts in eye drops to numb patients eye(s) and marks them with water-supple ink to direct him replacing the flap. Step 2: The doctor puts on a suction to keep the patients eye(s) sturdy and checks the pressure. Step 3: The surgeon raises a thin layer of the cornea, or corneal flap, with the microkeratome to expose the portion beneath. This part of the procedure is called keratectomy. Step 4: The flap is lifted and put to the side Step 5: The doctor checks the aim of the laser and walks the patient through the rest of the process Step 6: Then a computer-controlled laser reshapes the cornea in the proper way in less than a minute. Step 7: The surgeon then puts the flap back into its original position and watches it for about 3-5 minutes to make sure healing is working. Like every surgery there are risks, complications and advantages. LASIK surgery has the least percent of risks, complications and the most advantages. The advantages of LASIK are only several more then PRK. These advantages include, None- Low procedure discomfort, Less possibility of haze, 1-3 days of eye drops rather than 4 months, Generally no requirement to wear after-operation contact lenses, Rapid visual recovery, A higher chance of havin

Note Taking and Referencing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Note Taking and Referencing - Essay Example What is the essence of approaching problems from a new perspective? How possible is it for managers to adapt to the changes in the 21st century? What is objective of finding a balance in effective management? How do incentives influence workers’ productivity if they form part of company goals and objectives? What is the function of dynamism in organizations in the 21st century? 3. Incentives motivate workers to work hard. Motivation gives employees a new lease of completing tasks. Approaching problems from a new perspective helps people to adapt with change. Managers could listen to their 21st century employees. A balance in effective management ensures that there is an agreement in decisions. By incentives becoming part of company goals and objectives, implementation becomes easier. Dynamism helps managers adapt to change. 4. I can apply these facts in making deductions such as the roles of managers, employees and clients in seeking a neutral ground on issues of motivation. T hey will also help me to examine how they are connected with productivity. 5. In my review, I think the facts should be implemented promptly to help organizations succeed. Part 2: Summary My choice of video in business and management is The Puzzle of Motivation by Dan Pink. The speaker begins by noting that he made certain errors that he has never shared with anyone but could do so within the forum. He then confesses that when he went to law school, he failed terribly and it was not a good thing because it was under the influence of youthful digression. Consequently, he was barred from practicing law but on the advice of his wife; he intends to impart a few of the legal skills in building a case to demonstrate motivational perspectives at the workplace as a vital factor in management (Hertel 2003, p. 120). In other words, Dan Pink applies a lawyerly analogy to explain how people run their businesses. He starts with the Candle Problem that was started in 1945 and well familiar exampl e to the audience. Arguing that it is part of a behavioral science, Pink asserts that attempting to fix the candle on the wall without letting it drip on the table forms the backbone of sound management. Similarly, after making several futile attempts according to the speaker, people often settle for the functional fixedness method 10 minutes later as the last solution. Dan Pink further quotes an eminent scientist who has used the Candle Problem to broadly explain the essence of incentives at the workplace as an instrumental form of effective management. In his demonstration, the scientist rounded up his participants and asked them how quick they could tackle a problem under strict timing. On that account, he subdivided the groups into two with one asked to calculate the averages and the normal time it takes to solve a normal problem while the other was promised rewards if they achieved the same task. The scientist guaranteed them that if they attained above 25 percent, then they wo uld get closely $5 for a job well done and the best would receive a total sum of $20. However, this offer came in the backdrop of a severe economic meltdown meaning the scientist had attained the role of a nice motivator in inspiring the second group (Latham 2007, p. 156). Consequently, the second group only spent less than three and half minutes to resolve the problem. According to Dan Pink, if anybody wishes his workers to perform better, the management should reward them by

The Relationship Between Reading and Success on 4th Grade Standardized Dissertation - 1

The Relationship Between Reading and Success on 4th Grade Standardized Tests - Dissertation Example 5: Annual Yearly Progress of Title i Schools in Georgia 2003 – 2008 20 Figure 6: Research significance 32 List of Tables Table 1: Map scores and their interpretations 8 Table 2: Relationship of Lexile and grade levels 12 Table 3: Lexile data from spring 2008 CRCT & GHSGT 13 Table 4: Grade level text and reader Lexile boundaries, median Lexiles, and Lexiles at test cut scores 13 Table 5: Median Lexile from CRCT & GHSGT by grade from 2006 - 2008 with text Lexile boundaries 14 Table 6: Progress report of NCLB 19 Table 7: America's Record of Achievement 19 Table 8: Annual Yearly Progress of... Percentage of students whose pass status was accurately predicted by their MAP performance using reported cut scores 25 Table 13: Estimated probability of scoring as proficient or higher on the state reading test in same season (Spring), by students grade and RIT score range on MAP reading 27 Table 14: 2010 Georgia CRCT Results for Appling County 40 Abbreviation of Terms Used AYP Adequate Yearly Progress CRCT Criterion-Referenced Competency Tests GHSGT Georgia High School Graduation Tests MAP Measure of Academic Progress NCLB Act No Child Left Behind Act NEAP National Assessment of Educational Progress NWEA Northwest Evaluation Association RIT Rausch UnIT Chapter 1: Introduction This chapter delineates an overview of the study to explore the relationship between reading and success on 4th Grade Standardized Tests. Beginning with a discussion on the background of the study with a local problem in an elementary school in Georgia, the section provides the basis of the problem and introd uces to the phenomenon under study, leading to the nature of the specific research question and development of the hypotheses on the present phenomenon. It then deals with the purpose of the study and the theoretical framework relevant to the study providing explanations of the operational definitions. Subsequently, it discusses about the bounds of the study indicating the scope and limitation and the assumptions made. The next section discusses the significance of the study explaining how this study can be applied to the local problems, professional applications, and brings about a positive social change. Finally, the chapter is summarized with key points of the study and an over view of the remaining chapters. 1.1 Background Studies have indicated that there is a strong positive

PS3201 Family Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

PS3201 Family Studies - Essay Example The element of a family constitutes a husband, children, and a wife who reside under the same roof. The interaction among the above elements shapes or defines the behavior that a person who demonstrate in the society. However, the description is limited to what many people believe to constitute nuclear family. In some traditional settings especially in Africa, family would constitute members of nuclear family and members from the extended wing (Strong, et.al. 2010:420). The extended elements are aunts, uncles, and grandparents. This paper will examine a family in the modern era. Family setting depends with cultural practices observed by a given community. Communities across the globe demonstrate their cultural heritage through the association, which they project through their families. Traditions in Nigeria regarded a family as institution that was center to human existence i.e. sustainability of human race depended on the constitution of new families (Rotimi, 2005:8). The culture propagated by people started from a family. The regard that the community gave to family was an institution just like other social institutions where people demonstrated adherence to order or law. The values set in the family included how to bring up a child, how children would relate with community members, courtship, rules of descent, ownership of property among other taboos. The taboos observed by a family had moral consequence to individuals who went against the norms. People believed in practices stipulated in cultural norms. Men had cultural responsibility of heading their f amilies (The Fellows’ Forum, 2005:13). Rules set by communities gave an opportunity to men to have as men women as possible as long as the man was able to cater for their needs. The traditional setting recognized the existence of the relatives and the role in the family (Omoera, 2010:78). For example, brothers in law

Evaluation of Some Energy Drinks Essay Example for Free

Evaluation of Some Energy Drinks Essay Abstract Energy drinks are beverages which contain chemical constituents that are said to improve physical and mental performance. Most of them primarily contain varying amounts of caffeine, guarana, ginseng and taurine. This study aims to provide a critical review regarding the adverse effects of excessive daily intake of energy drinks. Five commercially available energy drinks were used as the subject of the study. The average consumption of a certain component was compared to the serving size included in each product. It was found out that the consumption of the ingredients more than the recommended amounts per day may cause physiological side effects. There is no medical use for energy drinks, however several ingredients in some of these drinks have been found to be helpful in the medical perspective. Keyword(s): energy drinks 1. Introduction In the past decades, the beverage industry paved the way to the rise of caffeinated energy drinks in the market. Back in early 1960s, it first appeared in Europe and Asia in response to the consumers’ demand for a dietary supplement that would result in increased energy (Reissig et al., 2009). Basically, energy drinks refer to beverages that contain mainly caffeine, alongside other active constituents which includes varying amounts of guarana extract, taurine, vitamins, amino acids and herbal extracts. These purportedly provide benefits such as increased mental alertness, physical endurance, performance and stamina (Simon and Mosher, 2007; Babu et al. , 2008). Conversely, there is inadequate evidence that consumption of energy drinks can significantly improve both physical and mental performance (Scholey and Kennedy, 2004). The wide availability and distribution of energy drinks makes them readily accessible for purchase by adolescents. Market surveys indicate that 31% of those aged 12 to 17 are regular consumers of energy drinks, as are 34% of aged 18 to 24 (Simon and Mosher, 2007). Concerns have been raised regarding the effects of the ingredients present in energy drinks on children and adolescents. This study was conducted due to the core objective of making the public aware of the adverse effects of energy drinks, especially to children. Adverse reactions and toxicity from high-energy drinks mainly root from their caffeine content (Reissig et al. , 2009). The fatal dose of pure caffeine in adults is 5 to 10 grams when taken orally and 3. 5 grams by injection. In children, the fatal dose is much lower (Health Canada, 2000). Children who consume too much caffeine are at higher risk for behavioral effects, such as anxiety, mood changes and loss of attentiveness. A daily intake of less than 45 to 85 mg is recommended, depending on the child’s health condition (Health Canada, 2003). Based on a survey, it was found out that 42. 3% of the youth (ages 11 to 18) consumes energy drinks (O’Dea, 2003). At risk children having excessive daily intake of caffeine should be limited to no more than 2. 5 mg caffeine/kg body weight, and may need to avoid consuming energy beverages with higher caffeine content. Adolescents should limit caffeine consumption as well as intakes greater than 100 mg/day for reports says that it has been directly correlated with an increase in blood pressure (Savoca et al. , 2004). 2. Materials and Methods 2. 1 Research Design The research is focused on the components of energy drinks where five products were sampled namely Product A, B, C, D, and E. The researchers acquired a sample of each product. 2. 2 Sampling and Acquisition of Samples Products A, B, C, D, and E were randomly sampled. Fish bowl sampling was used where the names of these products were written on a piece of paper. Out of 7, 5 products of energy drink were picked from a bowl. Slovin’s formula was used and the margin of error was set to 20%. One out of seven is the probability of each to be chosen. The 5 energy drink products were acquired through purchase. 2. 3 Gathering of Information Each of the products underwent examining of the researchers. The composition information has been referred to for the determination of ingredients of each product. The data was listed and tabulated (Refer to Table 3. 1). This was done to compare their components and to determine which products share the same components. Nutrition information was also included. 2. 4Analysis of the Components The ingredients of products were analyzed through research. The researchers studied the primary and side effects of some of the ingredients. The average consumption of an average human of a certain component was compared to the serving size included in each product. 3. Results and Discussion PRODUCT A NUTRITION INFORMATION| SERVINGS PER PACK: 1 SERVING SIZE: 250mL| QUANTITY:| PER SERVING| PER 100mL| Energy| 140 cal| 14cal| Carbohydrates, Total| 34g| 14g|. Sugar| 33g| 13g| Sodium | 60mg| 24mg| Taurine| 1000mg| 400mg| Caffeine| 80mg| 32mg| Inositol| 25mg| 10mg| Ginseng Root Extract| 25mg| 10mg| Guarana Seed Extract| 25mg| 10mg| Niacin| 9mg| 3. 6mg| Pantothenic Acid| 3mg| 1. 2mg| Vitamin B6| 1mg| 0. 4mg| Vitamin B12| 2mcg| 0. 8mcg| Ingredients: Carbonated Water, Sucrose, Glucose, Citric Acid, Glucuronolactone, Taurine, Sodium Citrate, Sodium Chloride, Natural Artificial Flavors, Caffeine, Caramel Color, Inositol, Guarana Seed Extract, Panax Ginseng (Root Extract), Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Riboflavin, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Cyanocobalamin, Eu Energy Blend. Figure 1. Nutrition Information and Ingredients of Product A. PRODUCT B NUTRITION INFORMATION| SERVINGS PER PACK: 1 SERVING SIZE: 180mL| | PER 180mL (1 serving)| %RENI* or %U. S. -DRI**| Calories| 50Kcal| 2%| Total Fat| 0g| -| Sodium| 0g| -| Total Carbohydrate| 12. 5g| 10%*| Sugar| 12. 5g| -| Vitamin B1| 1. 2mg| 100%| Vitamin B2| 1. 7mg| 131%| Niacinamide| 20mg| 125%| Vitamin B6| 1. 9mg| 146%| Inositol| 50mg| -| Ginseng| 25mg| -| Royal Jelly| 100mg| -| Iron| 5mg| 42%| Taurine| 1000mg| -| Caffeine (anhydrous)| 50mg| -| *Recommended Energy and Nutrient Intakes fro Filipinos **U. S. – Dietary Reference Intake (used if no RENI). Ingredients: Sucrose, Taurine, Citric Acid, Nature-identical Flavors, Royal Jelly, Sodium Benzoate, Inositol, Caffeine, Ferric Pyrophosphate, Sucralose, Ginseng Extract (Panax), Mulitivitamins, Pure Water Figure 2. Nutrition Information and Ingredients of Product B. PRODUCT C NUTRITION INFORMATION| SERVINGS PER PACK: 1 SERVING SIZE: 330mL| | PER SERVING| %RENI*| Energy| 211Kcal| -| Carbohydrate| 54g| -| Vitamin B3| 10mg| 62%| Vitamin B6| 1. 3mg| 102%| VitaminB12| 1. 3mcg| 55%| Ginseng Extract| 9. 9mg| -| Inositol| 23mg| -| Taurine| 145mg| -| *%RENI are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. Ingredients: Carbonated Water, Sugar, Citric Acid, Artificial Flavor, Maltodextrin, Sodium Citrate, Sodium Hexametaphosphate, Taurine, Potassium Sorbate, Caffeine, Sodium Benzoate, Allura Red(Colorant), Inositol, Calcium Disodium EDTA, Modified Food Starch, Panax Ginseng Extract, Niacinamide, Ascorbic Acid, Cyanocobalamin, (0. 1%) Pyridoxine Hydrochloride. Figure 3. Nutrition Information and Ingredients of Product C. PRODUCT D NUTRITION INFORMATION| SERVING SIZE: 1 SERVING SIZE: 150mL| | PER SERVING| %Daily Values*| Calories| 110| -| Total Fat| 0g| 0%| Sodium| 240mg| 10%| Total Carbohydrate| 26g| 9%| Sugars| 26g| -|. Protein| less than 1g| -| *Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. Ingredients: Taurine – 1,000 mg, Caffeine – 75 mg, Inositol – 50 mg, Lysine – 50 mg, Choline Bitartrate – 50 mg, Nicotinamide – 20 mg, Pyridoxine HCl (Vitamin B6) – 1. 3 mg, Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) – 2. 4 mcg, Tartrazine C. I. 19140 (Yellow 5), Citric Acid, Sodium Benzoate, Sugar and Artificially Flavoured. Figure 4. Nutrition Information and Ingredients of Product D. PRODUCT E NUTRITION INFORMATION| SERVING SIZE: ? 1. 5 SERVING SIZE: 8 fl. oz. (240mL)| | PER SERVING| %Daily Values*| Calories| 195| -| Total Fat| 3g| 1. 2%| Sodium| 49mg| 2%| Total Carbohydrates| 39g| 15%| Protein| 3g| 1. 2%| Thiamine Hydrochloride (Vit. B1)| 1. 35mg| 90%| Pyridoxine Hydrochloride (Vit. B6)| 1. 35mg| 68%| Niacinamide| 7mg| 37%| Vitamin B12| 0. 70mcg| 12%| Taurine| 105mg| -| Inositol| 16mg| -| *%Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. Ingredients: Water, Sugar, Citric Acid, Flavoring, Sodium Citrate, Taurine, Caffeine, Sodium Benzoate, Tartrazine, Inositol, Ginseng Powder, Niacinamide (Vit. B3), Sunset Yellow, Thiamine HCl (Vit. B1), Pyridoxine HCl (Vit. B6), Cyanocobalamin (Vit. B12). Figure 5. Nutrition Information and Ingredients of Product E. | PRODUCT| INGREDIENTS| A| B| C| D| E| Water/Carbonated Water| +| +| +| | +| Sucrose| +| +| +| +| +| Glucose| +| | | | | Citric Acid| +| +| +| +| +| Glucuronolactone| +| | | | | Taurine| +| +| +| +| +| Sodium Citrate| +| | +| | +| Sodium Chloride| +| | | | | Natural Flavors| +| +| | | | Artificial Flavors| +| | +| +| | Caffeine| +| +| +| +| +| Inositol| +| +| +| +| +| Guarana Seed Extract| +| | | | | Panax Ginseng| +| +| +| | +| Niacin (Vit. B3)| +| | +| +| +| Panthotenic Acid (Vit. B5)| +| | | | | Riboflavin (Vit. B2)| +| | | | | Pyroxidine HCL (Vit. B6)| +| | +| +| +| Cynocobalamin (Vit. B12)| +| | +| +| +|. Eu Energy Blend| +| | | | | Maltodextrin| | | +| | | Sodium Hexametaphosphate| | | +| | | Potassium Sorbate| | | +| | | Sodium Benzoate| | +| +| | +| Calcium Disodium EDTA| | | +| | | Modified Food Starch| | | +| | | Ascorbic Acid (Vit. C)| | | +| | | Lysine| | | | +| | Choline Bitartrate| | | | +| | Tartrazine| | | | +| +| Food Coloring| | Allura Red| | | +| | | Caramel Color| +| | | | | Sunset Yellow| | | | | +| Thiamine HCl (Vit. B1)| | | | | +| Ginseng powder| | | | | +| Ferric Pyrophosphate| | +| | | | Sucralose| | +| | | | Multivitamins| | +| | | | Table 3. 1. Common ingredients present among the energy beverages. Table 3. 1 shows the ingredients of products A, B, C, D, and E. Any formulated energy drink may contain the ingredients listed above. All 5 contain carbohydrates, particularly sucrose, and citric acid. Product C has the highest average quantity of carbohydrates which includes sugar, per serving with 54 g. It is followed by Product E with 39 g. , Product A with 34 g. , Product D with 26 g. , and Product B with 12. 5 g. , respectively. Product A, C, D, and E has Niacin, Pyroxidine Hydrochloride and Cyanocobalamin. Riboflavin is present in Product A while product E has Thiamine Hydrochloride. Vitamin B12, Cyanocobalamin, which is present in Product A, C, D, and E has quantities 2 mcg, 1. 3 mcg, 2. 4 mcg, 0. 70 mcg per serving respectively. In Vitamin B12 Dosing Guidelines for General Supplementation, the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for vitamin B12 for 14 years old and above is 2. 4 mcg daily. An intake of one serving of Product D could supply the daily need of the body of an average teenager and adult while product per serving is 0. 83 % of our body’s needs for B12 everyday (http://women. emedtv. com). The RDAs indicate the adequate intake of a body for a nutrient. Panax Ginseng is found to be present in Products A, B, C, and E. This ingredient is claimed to play a role on mental, physical and sexual performance. It is said that it could lower blood pressure and control blood glucose but there is no current scientific evidence yet on its efficacy (Ernst, 2002). Up to 3,000 mg day of supplemental taurine is safe as considered (http://www. mayoclinic. com). Taurine is an amino acid that may lower blood pressure where systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure in subjects with hypertension have been reduced by 6 grams of supplementary taurine every day (Kohashi et al., 1988). Taurine is present in Product A, B, C, D, and E. It is claimed to control hypertension yet there is insufficient evidence that it can significantly lower the risks of diabetes and epilepsy according to what it is claimed to be. The caffeine present in coffee and pharmaceutical drugs is said to be unhealthy. The caffeine naturally contained in a few herbs such as Yerba Mate, Guarana, Kola Nut, and Green Tea, is naturally occurring caffeine, also known as bio-caffeine and is non-addictive. Moreover, herbal teas are stimulants in nature due to other chemicals beside caffeine. These other stimulants found naturally occurring in herbs, i. e. mateine (found in Yerba Mate), have similar reaction on the body like caffeine does, but they are not addictive at all (http://dherbs. com/). All products were found out to contain caffeine. But among the other products, only Product A has guarana extract (1 gram of guarana is approximately 40 mg of caffeine). Canadian Guidelines recommend an intake of no more than 85 mg/day for people with ages ranging from 12 years old and above. In a research conducted by Warzak et al. (2010), the hours of sleep is negatively correlated with the amount of caffeine intake. Consumption of caffeine may also affect cognitive decline due to its association with a wide range of clinical variables (Ritchie, 2007). Caffeine may cause a persistent effect on the neurochemical system (Sobotka, 1989). Caffeine on children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) was more effective than no treatment in declining impulsivity, aggression, and parents and teachers perceptions of childrens symptom severity, compared with Methylphenidate and Amphetamines (http://jad. sagepub. com/). Caffeine is a potent stimulant, thus it may reduce daytime tiredness and improve mental focus. However, researches are still a must regarding caffeines effects on the functioning of adolescents and adults with ADHD. 4. Conclusion After examining the ingredients of the energy drinks, the consumption of the ingredients more than the recommended amounts per day may cause physiological side effects. Caffeinated beverages, to be considered safe, must be limited of no more than the adequate intake of an average man, if a serving is formulated to be consumed once daily. Limited ingestion of these energy drinks most likely does not cause adverse effects. Energy drinks are composed mainly of carbohydrates and different ingredients like taurine, caffeine, and Panax Ginseng which are safe provided that it would be consumed in proper amounts. Caffeine, which is common to many energy drinks, was found out to decline some behavior impairments associated with ADHD such as aggression and impulsivity. References Reissig CJ, Strain EC, Griffiths RR. (2009), Caffeinated energy drinks a growing problem. Drug Alcohol Depend, 99:1–10. Simon, M. Mosher, J. Alcohol (2007), Energy Drinks and Youth: A Dangerous Mix. Marin Institute: Alcohol Industry Watchdog. (Online); Available at: http://www.marininstitute. org/alcopops/resources/ EnergyDrinkReport. pdf. Babu, K. M. , Church, R. J. Lewander, W. â€Å"Energy drinks: the new eye-opener for adolescents,† Clin Ped Emerg Med, Vol. 9, 2008, p. 35-42. Scholey AB, Kennedy DO. Cognitive and physiological effects of an energy drink: an evaluation of the whole drink and of glucose, caffeine and herbal flavouring fractions. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2004;176:320-30. ODea JA. Consumption of nutritional supplements among adolescents: usage and perceived benefits. Health Education Research 2003;18:98-107. Savoca MR, Evans CD, Wilson ME, Harshfield GA, Ludwig DA. The association of caffeinated beverages with blood pressure in adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2004;158:473-7. Health Canada. Straight Facts about Drugs and Drug Abuse, Ottawa, ON, 2000. (Online); Available at: http://www. hc-sc. gc. ca/hc-ps/alt_formats/hecs-sesc/pdf/pubs/adp-apd/straight_ facts-faits_mefaits/facts-faits-eng. pdf. Health Canada. Food and Nutrition – Caffeine and Your Health, March 2003. (Online); Available at: http://www. hc-sc. gc. ca/fn-an/securit/facts-faits/caffeine-eng. php. Kristi Monson, PharmD and Arthur Schoenstadt, MD. â€Å"Vitamin B12 Dosage†. (Online); Available at: http://women.emedtv. com/vitamin-b12/vitamin-b12-dosage. html. Ernst E. â€Å"The risk-benefit profile of commonly used herbal therapies: Ginkgo, St. Johns Wort, Ginseng, Echinacea, Saw Palmetto, and Kava. Ann†. Intern Med 2002;136:42-53. Katherine Zeratsky, R. D. , L. D. â€Å"Taurine is listed as an ingredient in many energy drinks. What is taurine? Is it safe? †. (Online); Available at: http://www. mayoclinic. com/health/taurine/AN01856. Kohashi, N. , Katori, R. â€Å"Decrease of urinary taurine in essential hypertension†. Prog. Clin. Bio. Med. 1983. 125, 73. William J. Warzak, PhD, Shelby Evans, PhD, Margaret T. Floress, PhD, Amy C. Gross, PhD and Sharon Stoolman, MD. â€Å"Caffeine Consumption in Young Children†. Munroe-Meyer Institute and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE. Received 2 April 2010. K. Ritchie, PhD,, I. Carriere, PhD, A. de Mendonca, MD, PhD, F. Portet, MD, PhD, J. F. Dartigues, MD, PhD, O. Rouaud, MD, P. Barberger-Gateau, MD, PhD and M. L. Ancelin, PhD. â€Å"The neuroprotective effects of caffeine†. Neurology August 7, 2007 vol. 69 no. 6 536-545. â€Å"Caffeine vs. Bio-Caffeine†. (Online); Available at: http://dherbs. com/articles/caffeine-bio-caffeine-304. html. Sobotka TJ: Neurobehavioral effects of prenatal caffeine. Ann NY Acad Sci 1989; 562:327-339. M. Roth Leon. â€Å"Effects of caffeine on cognitive, psychomotor, and affective performance of children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder†. (Online); Available at: http://jad. sagepub. com/content/4/1/27. abstract. APPENDIX A Corresponding Labels of Different Energy Drinks Product| Energy Drink Product Name| A| Rockstarâ„ ¢| B| I-ONâ„ ¢| C| Stingâ„ ¢| D| Red Bullâ„ ¢| E| Cobraâ„ ¢| APPENDIX B Determining the Sample Size n=N1+Ne2 Where: n = sample size N = Population size e = margin of error n=71+7(0. 20)2 n=5. 46.

Online Marketing :: Marketing

1- Paper Free Marketing A very effective form of direct marketing is email marketing which uses electronic mail to send a sales pitch to potential customers. Hundreds of millions of dollars are spent on electronic mail marketing each year in the United States alone. Marketers work diligently to develop a mailing list of customers they can send mail to repeatedly without incurring the cost of printed newsletters or traditional direct mail. The delivery time is often just a few seconds or minutes compared with the days it takes the post office to deliver a piece of mail. Email is paper free making it attractive to environmentalists and conservationists. 2- Professional Marketing Sometimes an email campaign sent by a novice is considered spam and deleted at once by the recipient. Professional email marketing services can provide effective campaigns that entice potential customers with quality newsletters, testimonials and other marketing materials. A good service has the most current development features available to help you through every step of the process. They will provide many templates from which to choose or they may guide you through importing your own HTML page. They will help you add images, sound, background images and attachments for a polished professional look. Another big advantage to using an online service is the ability to track the emails. 3- Social Networking Web based marketing tools may be the perfect email marketing solution to grow your business and increase sales. Even beginning marketers will benefit from user friendly email development methods. New ideas are always on the horizon such as email social sharing. Social networks are a gold mine for a business person who effectively shares his email on these sites. You are able to get the information in front of hundreds if not thousands more people on the social sites. Using the opt-in mailing list you can develop a loyal following for your newsletter or other promotional items. You can even get reports on who opened the emails or simply deleted them. 4- Increasing Online Sales There are many ways to advertise your business, and direct email marketing is very effective for increasing web traffic and online sales. Advertisements for your product are sent to a targeted list of clients through email. Attractive and compelling ads do not give the impression of being spam, so the recipient is more likely to take a look and possibly make a purchase. The sender is able to track the metrics of his campaign such as how many emails were actually opened, how many messages bounced and how many requested removal.

Health and Social Care Qcf Lvl 3

Communication and Sensory Loss ( units 301& 393) Explain the methods of communication used by individuals with hearing loss Individuals with hearing loss may use a variety of methods to communicate, depending on their preference. Often individuals may compensate for hearing loss by relying on their sight or responding to cues from others, therefore non verbal and written communication methods can be used. Non verbal methods include the use of eye contact, facial expression, touch, gestures, signs or sign language. Written communication methods include letters, pictures, texts or emails.Individuals may also use communication professionals such as lip speakers to enable them to respond and participate when communicating with others. Explain the methods of communication used by individuals with sight loss Due to sight loss individuals may communication using auditory, verbal and non verbal methods. Verbal methods such as talking face to face or over the phone may be used. Auditory metho ds such as listening and responding to taped information could also be used depending on the individuals preference.Non verbal methods such as touch, gestures and tactile methods including the use of brail could also be used. Depending on the severity of the sight loss other methods such as low vision aids could also enable the individual to respond and communicate with others. Explain the methods of communication used by individuals who are deafblind Depending on the individuals preference, age of onset, strongest sense, education or background, individuals who are deafblind may use a variety or combination of communication methods. Read also: â€Å"Advice About Communication†Sensory methods may be used such as touch, gestures or facial expressions. The use of brail could be used to enable an individual to read and responded to others or alternatively the use of the deaf blind manual alphabet. Other rare methods such as tadoma could also be used. Depending on the onset and nature of the individuals condition, methods such as sign language could also be used if sight has been lost later on. Describe how you could use your environment/setting to make communication more effective with individuals with sensory lossDepending on the nature of an individuals sensory loss, the environment can be adapted effectively to facilitate communication . It is important that background noise and the acoustics of environments are considered, as this could impact on an individuals ability to communicate or interpret information from others. It is therefore important that background noise is kept to a minimum and environments are adapted appropriately as individuals who are blind or partially deaf will be relying on their hearing to engage and interoperate others effectively.Effective use of lighting, visual cues and colour to create contrast between surfaces could be adapted within an environment. This could enable individuals, particularly with partial sight loss to communicate more effectively and feel more engaged within their environment. Taking into consideration the importance of privacy where appropriate is also important, to enable individuals to feel more comfortable and secure within their environment and to facilitate communicate. Explain how effective communication can have a positive impact on the lives of people with sensory lossEffective communication can have a positive impact on the lives of individuals with sensory loss, as it can enable individuals to engage with others and within their environment, therefore facilitating participation and promoting engagement in everyday life. Effec tive communication can also enable individuals to make informed choices about their everyday life and have control over the life choices that they make. Through effective communication individuals can also therefore maintain their dignity and feel more empowered and engaged in their every day tasks.Describe the different things you should think about when you are promoting effective communication When promoting effective communication, it is important to consider different preferences individuals may have regarding communication methods they would like to use. It is important that assumptions are not made regarding communication methods, as different backgrounds, age, cultures or educational backgrounds could influence individuals choice of communication. By taking into considering such components, individuals will be treated in a person centred manner.When promoting effective communication it is also important to consider the impact of stereotyping and discrimination. These factors could impact upon individuals with sensory loss and those who communicate with them. Individuals with sensory loss may be portrayed as lacking capacity or being dependant on others. It is therefore important that when promoting effective communication, independence, access to information and choice is also promoted to help eliminate discrimination and enable individuals to feel more empowered.It is also important to consider physical and environmental barriers which may effect an individuals ability to communicate. In order to promote effective communication it is important to consider such factors as they could impact further on an individuals ability to communicate and access facilities or services. Explain how individuals from different backgrounds may use different communication methods, and may interpret communication in different ways An individuals background may effect their communication methods and also their interpretations of communication.Cultural backgrounds could inf luence how individuals perceive certain gestures or body language as certain gestures are not universal. Different cultures also hold a variety of different values and beliefs which can influence how an individual chooses to communicate and with who. Language differences could also impact on how individuals perceive others and may affect their ability to communicate. Different generations of people may also use communication methods differently and interoperate others in other ways.Older people for example may not feel confident communicating using new technology or may hold certain beliefs about communication which they have internalised over their lives. Explain how and where you would get extra support or services to assist individuals to communicate effectively There are a variety of different services and places to access extra support for individuals, to enable them to communicate effectively. The National Registers of communication professionals can be accessed to find suitab le professionals to assist individuals in communicating effectively.Social services departments can be contacted, as social workers are trained to work with those with visual and hearing impairments to assist them in accessing services or communicating with those involved in the individuals care. Occupational therapists can also be contacted to carry out assessments and provide aids, equipment and adaptations. Such adaptations and equipment can promote independence and enable individuals to communicate more effectively. Other health services such as audiology, eye health clinics and salt can be contacted to provide further assessments and treatment.Opticians can also provide care by monitoring eye health in order for adaptations to be made when needed, to insure that effective communication is maintained. The Royal National Institute for the Blind and Action on Hearing Loss can provide further support for individuals as well as evidenced based information for those in contact with i ndividuals to promote effective communication. Other services such as The British Institute of Learning Disabilities, The Alzheimer’s Society and mental health services can also be accessed through the internet or doctors to provide care and information, depending on the needs of the individual.